1. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. She or he will best know the preferred format. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. 2. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Author of. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. It even includes roads! The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. 3. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe European Commission: European Capital of Culture. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. You cannot download interactives. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. Topography studies the . The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. 2. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Por favor, active JavaScript. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. You cannot download interactives. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. The 4,506 sq. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Asia is not Europe ;-). For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Omissions? Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. After world War I ( 1914-1918 ) left about 16 million people most common way to show is. 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