Reeves, J. C., Heralds of that Good Realm: Syro-Mesopotamian Gnostic and Jewish Traditions, Leiden, New York, Koln (1996). Versuch eines geschichtliches Bildes bis zur frh-islamischen Zeit", chap. Though it is different from the other six of these seven sects, it causes schism only by forbidding the books of Moses like the Nasaraean. Kneeling and prostration during prayer is unknown, neither is the covering of the face with the hands at any time. Mandaean Macrohistory NASORAIA, Brikha H.S., TROMPF, Garry W. abstract details download pdf: 427 - 440 - Making a Case for a Connection between Islam and Mandaean Literature HART, Jennifer abstract details download pdf: 441 - 451 - About the Links between the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mandaean Liturgy HAMIDOVI, David abstract details download pdf . Sec. MASBUTA BAPTISM: The third ablution, or 'full baptism', encompasses all aspects of baptism and must be performed by a priest or priestess. Under U.S. law, an "immediate family member" is the child, spouse or parent of the person requesting reunification. The ruha is the lower spirit connected with life and desires and this is the spirit which induces evil. About Community. . Since the invasion Mandaeans, like other Iraqi ethno-religious minorities (such as Assyrians, Armenians, Yazidi, Roma and Shabaks), have been subjected to violence, including murders, kidnappings, rapes, evictions, and forced conversions. This is very similar to practices outlined by Padmasambhava in the Tibetan Book of the Dead. The language in which the Mandaean religious literature was originally composed is known as Mandaic, a member of the Aramaic group of dialects. The construction, proportions, materials and shape are prescribed by written and oral traditions (believed by the Mandaeans to date back to the time of Adam). Acceptance. [88] The religious groups who purported to be the Sabians mentioned in the Quran included the Mandaeans, but also various pagan groups in Harran (Upper Mesopotamia) and the marshlands of southern Iraq. Edwin Yamauchi (1982). BANNERS: During the immersion ceremonies, a white silk banner, the dravsha, is erected on the bank of the pool to the south-east and right of the hut. [48] The Ginza Rabba is divided into two halvesthe Genz Sml or Left Ginza, and the Genz Yemin or Right Ginza. Neo-Mandaic, a vernacular form of Mandaic with about 100 speakers in Iran around Ahwaz. Circumcision is included in this prohibition. It must be performed by women after menstruation and after childbirth. Some scholars have identified the Maghriya with the Essenes or the Therapeutae. Most couples worry about how to have a lasting marriage. Sidra d Nishmatha (The Book of Souls). [120], The Simonians were centered on Simon Magus, the magician baptised by Philip and rebuked by Peter in Acts 8, who became in early Christianity the archetypal false teacher. Unconditional giving, motivated by a pure inner impulse and dedicated to a higher purpose. As a small endogamous group under the hegemony of the non-Mandaeans and exposed to epidemics, they always have been under the threat of cultural extinction. [19]:4, At the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia in c.640, the leader of the Mandaeans, Anush Bar-Danqa, is said to have appeared before the Muslim authorities, showing them a copy of the Ginza Rabba, the Mandaean holy book, and proclaiming the chief Mandaean prophet to be John the Baptist, who is also mentioned in the Quran as Yahya Bin Zakariya. A Mandaean's grave must be in the north-south direction so that if the dead Mandaean were stood upright, they would face north. [9] Until the Iraq War, almost all of them lived in Iraq. If the Mandaean dies unclean, a special ceremony called the "bestowal of the garments" can be performed by a living person standing as proxy for the dead person which prepares the soul for ascent. Classical Mandaic is closely related to Syriac . The most sacred Mandaean ceremonies are performed by the priests, who are called tarmidia "disciple," inside a fenced-off area called a mandi with a building inside this area called manda or bimanda (from bet manda, "house of knowledge". Sfar Malwasha - this is an astrological codex.D. 'Mysteries', i.e. It is worn during exorcisms, and by those isolated for uncleanliness (e.g.. childbirth or marriage). Mandaeans believe in marriage and procreation, and in the importance of leading an ethical and moral lifestyle in this world, placing a high priority upon family life. Priests recite verses from Mandaean holy scripture in Aramaic. There is an early if highly prejudiced account by the French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier[32] from the 1650s. [23]:94 Essene graves are oriented north-south[54] and a Mandaean's grave must also be in the north-south direction so that if the dead Mandaean were stood upright, they would face north. Mead. The ascent of the soul ceremony, called the masiqta, can take various forms, but usually involves a ritual meal in memory of the dead. Polygamy is not uncommon in the community, although this is a personal matter and is not universal. Priestly training begins in a boys early years, he puts on his rasta and acts as his fathers Shganda . The Mandaeans are taught to love their neighbours. The Great "First World". R. Macuch, "Anfnge der Mander. Jesus too, according to Mandaean theologians, was a Nasurai, but he was a rebel, a heretic, who led men astray, betrayed secret doctrines, and made religion easier (i.e. The Bana'im put heavy emphasis on the cleanliness of clothing since they believed that garments cannot even have a small mudstain before dipping in purifying water. Mandaeism or Mandaeanism (Mandaic: Mandaiuta, Arabic: Mand'iyya, Persian: ) is a monotheistic religion with a strongly dualistic worldview. The contents of the right side are mostly cosmogony, accounts of creation, prayers and legends. Great secrecy is enjoined upon initiates; full explanation of 1, 2, and 8 being reserved for those considered able to understand and preserve the gnosis. He must remain in seclusion, and may not cohabit with his wife, if he becomes polluted then the period is re-begun. In the ethical system of the Mandaeans, cleanliness, health of body and ritual obedience must be accompanied by purity of mind, health of conscience and obedience to moral laws. In its cosmological superstructure, evil Archons (rulers) obstruct the ascent of the soul through the heavenly spheres to reunion with the supreme deity. [19]:109, It is estimated that there are 60,000100,000 Mandaeans worldwide. Ye the chosen ones Do not rely on kings and rulers of this world, do not use soldiers and weapons or wars; do not rely on gold or silver, for they all will forsake your soul. 6 of F. Altheim and R. Stiehl, Mead, G. R. S., Gnostic John the Baptizer: Selections from the Mandaean John-Book, Dumfries & Galloway UK, Anodos Books (2020). Even then he has not attained to true enlightenment, for this, called 'Nairuta', is reserved for a very few. At the moment the body is being lowered into the tomb the lofani (ritual meal) is begun . [120] The Samaritan leaders were viewed as "the embodiment of God's power, spirit, or wisdom, and as the redeemer and revealer of 'true knowledge'". They made their own commentaries on the Bible and the law. Manichaeism, Valentianism]. For the language family in West Africa, see. Quispel, G., Gnosticism and the New Testament, Vigiliae Christianae, vol. None of the Manichaean scriptures has survived in its entirety, and it seems that the remaining fragments have not been compared to the Ginza Rabba. Die Ssabier und die Ssabismus. and special practices for food preparation. A phrase in the Manual of Discipline reads: that they may behold the Light of Life. [43], There are numerous uthras (angels or guardians),[1]:8 manifested from the light, that surround and perform acts of worship to praise and honor God. He shall wash his garments and bathe on the first day, and on the third day he shall wash his garments and bathe, and after sunset he shall enter the sanctuary. Jorunn J. Buckley refutes this by confirming scribes that predate Zazai who copied the Ginza Rabba. And they are on the brink of extinction. [25]:xiv[98]. [18], According to Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley and other scholars who specialize in Mandaeism, Mandaeans originated about two thousand years ago in the Palestine region and subsequently moved east due to persecution. [23]:20, Another important text is the Haran Gawaita, which tells the history of the Mandaeans. Kansas Wedding Steps Phone: (206) 285-1086 Fax: (916) 634 . According to Hippolytus, Simonianism is an earlier form of Valentinianism. For Ganzivri (Bishops) wine, coffee and tobacco are forbidden to them and they must avoid eating hot or cooked food. Tovelei Shaarit; 'Morning Bathers') were an ancient religious sect that practiced daily baptism. [16] The term Sabians derives from the mysterious religious group mentioned three times in the Quran. They claim to be descendents of Adam, revere Noah as a prophet, and John the Baptist as their last. Rolls or books must be wrapped in white cloth or muslin and must not be bound in leather. This practice received great attention by early historical writers on the Essenes. As proof of age, the person who intends to be married, in . Each mandi is adorned with a drabsha, which is a banner in the shape of a cross, made of olive wood half covered with a piece of white pure silk cloth and seven branches of myrtle. Mandaean ritual commentaries (esoteric exegetical literature), which are typically written in scrolls rather than codices, include:[1]. Tafsir Paghra - a roll concerning the inner meaning of the ritual meals and the constitution of the Soul.F. Qolasta (Praise). Exactly when the Mandaeans emigrate from the Jordan valley to the rivers and marshes of . mandaean marriage rules mandaean marriage rules . There are also a few Mandaic speakers in Iraq and the USA. If one person in a couple follows ten rules of his or her choice, it will generate a major, positive change. This is supposed to be in five or seven parts and is intended for priests only. It is written in the Mandaic script, a cursive variant of the Parthian chancellery script. [129], Mandaeism does not allow conversion, and the religious status of Mandaeans who marry outside the faith and their children is disputed. A Zidqa Brikha, prayers and baptisms are also performed. Scholars specializing in Mandaeism such as Kurt Rudolph, Mark Lidzbarski, Rudolf Macch, Ethel S. Drower, Eric Segelberg, James F. McGrath, Charles G. Hberl, Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley, and inasi Gndz argue for a Palestinian origin. This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 10:28. [19] During Parthian rule, Mandaeans flourished under royal protection. The Mandaeans also use other terms to differentiate amongst themselves on basis of ritual cleanliness, Suwadi is used for laymen, Hallali is applied to ritually pure men, who of their own will follow a high religious standard, and of course Nasurai used for priests. [60] Their proportion in their native lands has collapsed because of the Iraq War, with most of the community relocating to nearby Iran, Syria, and Jordan. Corrections? Wear white only, no colors are permitted regardless if they are natural or dyed. The head is held erect, and the hands are not used. The Mandaeans do have an elaborate baptism ritual system. It is interesting that the Seer Cayce told one woman she once was an Essene who placed the royal seal on Christ's dead body, consisting of pear, call and pomegranates. They also call attention to certain Mandaean affinities to Judaism: familiarity with Old Testament writings; parallels to Jewish ethics, particularly the high value placed on marriage and procreation; concern for cultic purity; and the use of Hebrew angelology. Hebrew: madda', with characteristic assimilation of /n/ to the following consonant, medial -nd- hence becoming -dd-). Mandaeans, who esteem John the Baptist as the most famous adherent to their religion, have in our time found themselves driven from their historic homelands by war and oppression. This stage of Priesthood is allowed only a raw food diet, with the possible exception of cooked bread. The Mandaeans are one of the least-known ethnoreligious groups in Iran, although their culture and belief system dates back almost 2,000 years. [85][81] Lady Ethel S. Drower "sees early Christianity as a Mandaean heresy"[86] and adds "heterodox Judaism in Galilee and Samaria appears to have taken shape in the form we now call gnostic, and it may well have existed some time before the Christian era. [1]:5 However, this account is likely apocryphal: since it mentions that Anush Bar Danqa traveled to Baghdad, it must have occurred after the founding of Baghdad in 762, if it took place at all. Its followers, the Mandaeans, think highly of Adam, Abel, Seth, Enosh, Noah, Shem, Aram and especially John the Baptist.. [93] Scholars such as Kurt Rudolph, Rudolf Macch, Mark Lidzbarski and Ethel S. Drower and James F. McGrath connect the Mandaeans with the Nasaraeans described by Epiphanius, a group within the Essenes according to Joseph Lightfoot. Piscataway: Gorgias Press. He/she is then lifted and placed on clean bedding facing the North Star and is then dressed in a new rasta, with gold or gold threads sown on the right side of the stole and silver or silver threads sown on the left side. THE MANDAEAN GNOSTIC RELIGION A thesis submitted to the Theological School of . Of the fabrics, natural silk is most preferred and recommended, wool can only be used if shorn from a live animal, thosethat are fleeced after they die cannot be used to make clothing. [12]:45[13] The Mandaeans speak an Eastern Aramaic language known as Mandaic. Belief in the existence of the next life, in which there will be reward and punishment. - It involves communion with the Light World and the long departed Souls.BAPTISM: The central rite of the Mandaean cult is immersion in water, which is regarded not only as a symbol of Life, but to a certain degree as life itself . Traditionally, any ganzer who baptizes seven or more ganzern may qualify for the office of riama. Iraqi devotees of an obscure religion who take John the Baptist as their central figure perform virginity tests on their brides and take a dip in the murky Tigris river every Sunday to purify the soul. At present it is impossible to say whether these parallels resulted primarily from Jewish influence on Mandaeans, Mandaean influence on Jews, or from cross fertilization. [12]:45[13]. These practices are related to the ritual purity laws of the Jews and were no doubt taught and practiced to some degree, and after their own fashion, by early Nazarenes (See Clementine Homiless). They are Mandaeans, the descendants of one of Iraq's oldest religious minorities that they claim predates Islam, Christianity and even perhaps Judaism. In the ethical system of the Mandaeans, cleanliness, health of body and ritual obedience must be accompanied by purity of mind, health of conscience and obedience to moral laws. There is a rarity of ancient copies of Mandaean books, some of the oldest writing are on lead sheets and inscriptions on clay bowls. The Mandaean religion entrusts priests with the responsibility of keeping religious knowledge and performing extremely complex rituals which help souls through this life and into the next. PRIESTHOOD 2ND STAGE: During the next stage, the would-be priest must remain isolated (with exception of the presence of the Ganzivra) in a newly built reed hut on the Mandi grounds and must remain awake for this period, which lasts for seven days (i.e.. Sunday to Sunday). At the priests death, his margna, Shom Yawar and skandola are buried with him. A savior spirit or savior spirits which assist the soul on his journey through life and after it to 'worlds of light'. [38] Mandaeans continue to be called Sabians to this day. Let's have a look at the rules for a happy marriage that these few couples follow. This can include details on how to obtain a marriage license and the requirements to do so, as well as big picture issues such as who can marry whom. Other items like the rasta (robes) and kitchen utensils such as pots and pans undergo frequent ritual purifications. PRIESTHOOD 1ST STAGE: The Shwalia (as the would be priest is termed) recites from memory the whole of the Sidra d Nishmatha. The ink is hand made and is a priestly recipe, there is no one method or recipe, although it is always black and shinny. There is no eternal punishment because God is merciful and forgiving. [126] According to a 2009 article in The Holland Sentinel, the Mandaean community in Iran has also been dwindling, numbering between 5,000 and at most 10,000 people. Macuch, Rudolf A Mandaic Dictionary (with E. S. Drower). Baptism was at one time so essential such that unbaptised children were not considered to belong to the community. 1925, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book I (Sects 146) Frank Williams, translator, 1987 (E.J. If no such marriage opportunity arises then the Ganzivra remains in his state of isolation until his death. [34], According to the Mandaean text the Haran Gawaita, the Nasoraean Mandaeans, who were disciples of John the Baptist, left Judea/Palestine and migrated to Media in the 1st century CE. The Clementine Homilies tell us that Peter always washed, often in the sea, before dawn which was no doubt a custom of all Nazarenes of his time. [113][24][114], Maghriya were a minor Jewish sect that appeared in the first century BCE, their special practice was the keeping of all their literature in caves in the surrounding hills of Palestine. The use of this cross emblem has confused many as to the Mandaean's relationship with Christianity. All killing and blood letting is supposedly sinful and it is forbidden to kill female beasts. This yearly rebuilding, or reconsecration, seems reminiscent of the Sukhot huts built at the time of the Jewish New year. 1. The Wedding of the Great ilam is a Mandaean religious text. The latter is his real name and is used on all religious occasions, this name is linked and derived from the mother and not the father.The priest uses the time of birth, the day, the zodiac sign and astrological chart to determine this name - but the giving of this religious name protects that person from the evil powers of the zodiac sign in which he was born - remember that the "12" and "7" are mentioned in the religious books as being evil and represent the zodiac signs and the then known planets,respectively. [122] Birger A. Pearson also compares the "Five Seals" of Sethianism, which he believes is a reference to quintuple ritual immersion in water, to Mandaean masbuta. Those possessed of its secrets may call themselves Naoraeans, and 'Naoraean' today indicates not only one who observes strictly all rules of ritual purity, but one who understands the secret doctrine. Vols. flouted the difficult and elaborate rules about purification). [92], The Haran Gawaita uses the name Nasoraeans for the Mandaeans arriving from Jerusalem meaning guardians or possessors of secret rites and knowledge. For men who marry wives from the twelve sects of (other religions). This consists of two parts, the right Ginza and the smaller left Ginza which is written upside down. The legal requirements and rules around marriage can differ from state to state. Mandaeans are followers of one of the world's oldest religions. The approach to the slaughter of animals for consumption is always apologetic. The masbuta should take place on Sunday, after major defilement's (i.e.. childbirth, marriage, illness and even after a journey) and especially for those who have lied or who have had violent quarrels, indeed after any action which is ashamed of. PRIESTHOOD: Priesthood is allowable to both males and females within the Mandaean culture, and historically there have been female priests, or priestesses, although there are none known of at present. After emerging from the water, the worshipper is anointed with holy sesame oil and partakes in a communion of sacramental bread and water. [94][95][25]:xiv[71][96][74][75][97] Epiphanius says (29:6) that they existed before Christ. He claims that one should not face this direction, but should face Jerusalem from all quarters. Nonviolence is advocated by the Mandaean faith. According to E. S. Drower (The Secret Adam, p. ix): [T]hose amongst the community who possess secret knowledge are called NauraiiaNaoraeans (or, if the emphatic is written as z, Nazorenes). As a liturgical rather than esoteric text, it contains instructions and hymns for the Mandaean marriage ceremony. [23]:94, Mandaeans recognize several prophets. A child destined for priesthood must not cut his hair or shave his beard. The most important rituals of Mandaeism are the regular baptism (masbuta) - a cleansing ritual which must be performed in flowing water ('living water', or yardna, seen as symbolic of divine emanation) every Sunday, and a spiritual ascent ceremony (masiqta) - held to speed the return of Mandaean souls back up to the realm of light. Flies, scorpions and all harmful stinging things may be slain without sin. An entity that is not only supreme but also formless. Second, it is thought that the name came from Manda d-Hiia, meaning "Knowledge of Life". If any of his female ancestors within three generations were married when widows or non-virgins, then the would-be priest cannot be consecrated. The Mandaean marriage service occurs both in Paris and in Oxford as an independent MS. [45] Fasting in Mandaeism is called sauma. [The General Assembly] is similar to a parliament and is responsible for the enactment of laws according to the community's internal regulations. Gnostic John the Baptizer: Selections from the Mandan John-Book by G.R.S. For the ethnoreligious group who follow the religion, see, "Mandean" redirects here. Don't criticize your partner's parents or friends. On the following Sunday morning (i.e.. on the 7th day) the Shwalia baptizes the Ganzivra and thus ends the first stage of consecration . The Ginza Rba (The Great Treasure) or Sidra Rba (The Great Book). Magames - who is the first lady in the history of Iraq who holds a religious position - believes that many have false stereotypes about the Sabeans and must be changed, explaining that some accuse them of worshiping planets and stars because of their kiss towards the North Pole, or that they suffocate the dead animals to eat them, and other The aimof the Board [MAGB] is to raise the Mandaean public awareness and interest in MandaeismGuidance: To advice and inform the Mandaean public to issuesconcern Mandaeism and MandaeansThe Board: Group of independent Mandaean volunteers__._,_.___. The references to Christ (Yshu Mshiha) are, in fact, entirely polemical, and for the most part refer to the . Mandaeism Beliefs, Mandaean Ritual commentaries (esoteric exegetical literature), which are typically written in scrolls rather than codices, include: The Thousand and Twelve Questions (Alf Trisar uialia) The Coronation of the Great ilam. caesar rubikon spruch; fm radio that can connect to bluetooth speaker . [1]:4 There is evidence for women priests, especially in the pre-Islamic era. The water shall be perpetually flowing and the pool holds 'living' and not stagnant or cut-off water. Mahmood Khamisi and Erhima . [117]:210211, According to the Fihrist of ibn al-Nadim, the Mesopotamian prophet Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, was brought up within the Elkesaite (Elcesaite or Elchasaite) sect, this being confirmed more recently by the Cologne Mani Codex. Mandaeism is a closed, non-proselytizing religion in which you can only be born and in no other way can become a Mandaean. [39], The Mandaeans see themselves as healers of the "Worlds and Generations" (Almia u-Daria), and practitioners of the religion of Mind (Mana), Light (Nhura), Truth (Kua), Love (Rahma/Ruhma) and Enlightenment or Knowledge (Manda). [67]:78[79][80][81][82][83][84] James McGrath and Richard Thomas believe there is a direct connection between Mandaeism and pre-exilic traditional Israelite religion. Mandaeans, as in that of the Zoroastrians, cleanliness, health of body and ritual obedience must be accompanied by purity of mind, health of conscience and obedience to moral laws. The Mandaeans have been associated with the Hemerobaptists on account of both practicing frequent baptism and Mandaeans believing they are disciples of John. The symbol of the Great Life is flowing 'living' water or yardna. Among Essenes this office was entitled Moreh HaZedec - the Teacher of Righteousness. Central religious terms such as yardna 1 Close (running water), ku<a (truth), and manda (knowledge) point decidedly toward the religion's western origins there. Here, experts share 10 of the less apparent (but just as important) marriage rules to live by. All footage of Mandaeans used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and is attributed to the University of Exeter "Worlds of Mandaean Priests" project: http://mand. Modern mands sometimes have a bath inside a building instead. He must be of pure Mandaean blood, his family must be physically and ritually immaculate for several generations back on both sides of the family. The hymns in the text often contain the refrain "When the proven, the Pure One Went." (Jan., 1965), pp. An Iraqi Mandean couple laugh together after their marriage on the Tigris river in Baghdad. When you give do not attest it. At one time the Mandaeans continually wore the rasta as it was a sin to wear a color. Life Recognition of the existence of one God, whom Nasurai call "Hayyi" which in Aramaic means "the Living" or life itself. (This is a pdf file.) Some scholars, emphasizing the Babylonian elements in Mandaean magical texts, use of the Iranian calendar, and the incorporation of several Iranian words into the Mandaic language, argue that Mandaeanism originated in the area of southwestern Mesopotamia in early Christian or even pre-Christian times. Mandaean names for uthras have been found in Jewish magical texts. The writing of the holy documents can only be done on paper, papyrus, metal (lead sheets) and stone (or clay) - they can never be written on parchment or animal skin, for it is a sin to slaughter and also because animal skin is unclean. Followers believe angels taught river-style baptism practices to Adam, the first man. It seems natural that something to hang one's clothing or prayer shawl on during Miqvah immersions would exist in a culture of daily immersers. Such persons are considered to be elevated to the rank of the spiritually evolved. Others argue for a Syro-Palestinian origin, basing their case on the quasi-historical Mandaean document, the Haran Gawaita, which narrates the exodus from Palestine to Mesopotamia in the 1st century ad of a group called Nasoreans (the Mandaean priestly caste as opposed to Mandaiia, the laity). The word Sabian derives from the verb Sabaa or Sibagha. [116]:222, R.J. Zwi Werblowsky suggests Mandaeism has more commonality with Kabbalah than with Merkabah mysticism such as cosmogony and sexual imagery. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. On. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Sabian-Mandaean religion is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the Middle East. No part of it should be cut off, for just as God created the person sound and complete so should this trust be returned to him. Given the degree of popular fascination with Gnostic religions, it is surprising how few pay attention to the one such religion that has survived from antiquity until the present day: Mandaism. THE MANDAEAN RELIGION. The important religious texts survived in manuscripts that are not older than the sixteenth century, with most coming from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Islamic tradition accords the Mandaeans the same special status as Jews and Christians as "people of the book", in other words the common Biblical foundations shared by Muslims. [102], Early Mandaean religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Yardena (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. [128] A community estimated at 2,500 members live in Worcester, Massachusetts, where they began settling in 2008. [5][19][20] Others claim a southwestern Mesopotamia origin. The soul is portrayed as an exile, a captive; his home and origin being the supreme Entity to which he eventually returns. [49][20] In addition to Edmondo Lupieri, Christa Mller-Kessler argues against the Palestinian origin theory of the Mandaeans claiming that the Mandaeans are Mesopotamian. PRIESTHOOD GANZIVRA STAGE: Consecration to the Ganzivrite, or Bishop, can only take place when some pious aged person in the community is near death, since the Ganzivite must perform a funeral service as part of their initiation. Mandaeans, an ethno-religious group mostly living in Iraq and Iran, are bearers of a Gnostic tradition based on the scriptures written in Mandaic. The Evidence for Women Priests in Mandaeism. The ceremony is believed to help the souls of the departed on their journey through purgatory to the World of Light. Destined for Priesthood must not be bound in leather men who marry from. 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