christian martyrs who were burned at the stake. A few years later, St. Margaret joined the Catholic Church converted by the wife of Dr. Thomas Vavasour, a prominent Catholic in York. Roman Catholic theologians. The greater part of the city was laid in ashes. Queen Mary ascended the throne of England in 1553. I believe that Clement Shahbaz Bhatti was a dedicated lay Catholic martyred for his faith.. During her five-year reign, Mary had over 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in what are known as the Marian persecutions. The arguments of these times were not just about theology, though theology was very important: both sides believed that they were fighting for the truth, and that teaching wrong doctrine could result in people going to hell. Persecution in Canterbury", Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 1583 Edition, Book 12, Page 1994, Bloomfield's History of Norfolk, Vol 3 'The history of the city of Norwich', Chapter 26 'Of the City in Queen Mary's Time'. After Damon fled, the residents retrieved the remains of St. Dymphna and the priest and buried them in a cave. Huss would become a hero to Luther and many other Reformers, for Huss preached key Reformation themes (like hostility . Stephen Wright, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, Alexander Gordon, 'Kett, Francis (c.15471589)', rev. After serving Millions of believers around the world are suffering for their faith. The list does not attempt to encompass the list of those executed by burning for other reasons (such as victims of witch hunts or other persecutions). Who was John Rogers? Four of the most prominent Protestant Bishops - Hooper, Ridley, Latimer and Cranmer were burned at the stake, followed by hundreds of other "heretics." Resistance to Rome Deepens Horror, anger and resentment grew throughout England. However, his popularity caused animosity among Jews, particularly from the members of the Synagogue of Roman Freedmen. This was the beginning of her participation in the French army. John Philpot. Neither Ridley nor Latimer could accept the Roman Catholic mass as a An important year in the English Reformation was 1547, when Protestantism became a new force under the child-king Edward VI, England's first Protestant ruler. Luke O'Hara Despite being at deaths door, he was still able to find a way to get on the nerves of his persecutors by asking them to turn him over the other side of his body that was not yet burned. The streets were deserted. to the stake, Ridley prayed, "Oh, heavenly Father, I give unto thee most OTHER EVENTS OF MARCH AND APRIL 1555. church was not built on any man but on the truth Peter confessed -- that Posted at 01:41h . The persecutions were so-called because they were carried out under the . Latimer died much more quickly; as the flames quickly rose, Latimer He was heard to [4] Thirty others died in prison. After that, his corpse was then beheaded and crucified. Albertina Berkenbrock (d. 1931 . However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs. He said, Although he had little desire to so decided to play an active part in politics in order to protect the countrys Christians and other minorities. The Catholic Church in England challenged him thrice, and two Popes summoned him to Rome, but he was never imprisoned. Rawlins White, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 272. may be the same as William Ailewarde (the Regester), Richard Smith is said to have died in prison (day unknown) September, Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London in 'the Regester', but is described as 'non-existent' in. They were also about patriotism. James Bainham, lawyer and martyr, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 177. He was known for his loyal service to his congregation. Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed on April 9, 1945. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 388. As soon as the fire got up, he was very soon dead, never stirring or crying all the while.". One Rogers, a martyr, burned in Norfolk, Foxe's Book of Martyrs 311. [2]:p.186 Many people were exiled, and hundreds of dissenters were burned at the stake, earning her the nickname of "Bloody Mary". They left him there to die, however, a woman named Irene found him, and brought him to her house where she nursed him back to health. Valerian heard the news about this, so he offered St. Lawrence clemency in exchange for bringing him the fortune hidden away by the church in three days. Christians . Mary's father, King Henry VIII had separated the Church of England Cranmer was involved in the prosecution of John Frith, a Protestant martyr whose views he later came to share; he attempted without success to change Frith's mind and he was burnt in 1533. Stephen Harwood, Thomas Fust, William Hale, George King, Thomas Leyes, John Wade, and William Andrew, "Foxe's Book of Martyrs 310. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 331. He was bound, rather than nailed, on a cross form known as crux decussata.. John Rogers was burned to death at the stake at Smithfield, England, on this Monday morning, February 4, 1555. Martyrdom in East Grinstead Tudor stuff: Tudor history from the heart of England, "Foxe's Book of Martyrs 367. A Christian martyr is someone willing to face death rather than deny Jesus Christ or his Gospel. According to Foxe's Book of Martyrs, As the flames rose about him, he said to Ridley: "Be of good comfort, Master Ridley, and play the man! During the Prayers of Petition, two Islamic state inspired individuals namely Adel Kermiche and Abdel Malik Petitjean lunged at him with a knife. All rights reserved. When Laurence Ghest was burned at Salisbury in 1508 his 'Mind attempted to be swayed by fatherly affection for wife and seven children' (Foxe, Vol 4, page 126-7). These followers of Christ were only a few of the thousands who died gruesome deaths because of their faith. In 1920, Joan was recognized as a Christian Saint by the Roman Catholic Church and her feast is celebrated every May 30. 22. Lord, I commend my spirit", but the wood was green and burned only Taverner, who published an English Bible in 1539, was at an earlier time, while a student at Oxford, imprisoned These men are described as "martyrs," but though in many ways they were good men we should not imagine that they were perfect. To enjoy our website, you'll need to enable JavaScript in your web browser. Below is the list of famous martyrs and why they died, including a peek into their early life and the legacy they have left behind. Thirteen Martyrs Burned at Stratford-Le-Bow. Dymphna refused and her father enraged and beheaded her with his own hands. The faith they once died The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1576 edition). from the Roman Catholic church, but he had not reformed the church's Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 387. Richard Spencer left the priesthood to marry and, with two others, called Ramsey and Hewet, took part in putting on comedies and interludes.The three were all "condemned and burned" (presumably because of Spenser's views on the sacraments rather than their acting ability). St. Stephen was taken to the Sanhedrin, the supreme rabbinic court in Jerusalem. St. Stephen died in 36 AD in Jerusalem, and was the first to suffer that gruesome fate making him the first Catholic martyr. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 373. He was an earnest student of the Bible, and as Bishop of Thomas Causton and Thomas Higbed, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 273. Christians are to be separate from the world, not of it, just like Jesus was. christian martyrs who were burned at the stake. 6 Book of Martyrs. The cave of Castelluzzo saw the murder of hundreds of Waldensian mothers and children in 1209. Prest's (sic) wife, a godly poor woman which suffered at Exeter. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 343: Other Martyrs, June 1556, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 370: Persecution in Lichfield and Chichester, 'Christ's victory over Satan's tyranny', Thomas Mason, 1615. St. Sebastian came from Southern France and was educated in Milan, Italy. However, the words are missing in an earlier edition. Christian Today staff writer 09 February 2018 | 10:38 AM. The date of Polycarp's death is in dispute. His love became the. Although the standard penalty for those convicted of treason in England at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered, this legislation adopted the punishment of burning the condemned. 200. In my new novel, The Burning Girls, the flaming torches of the Lewes procession have been replaced by 'Blair Witch' like twig dolls which the villagers of Chapel Croft make every year to commemorate the two youngest martyrs burnt at the stake.The Burning Girls are cast into the fire in their memory. After that, she was imprisoned again twice at York Castle. John Maundrel, William Coberley, and John Spicer. It made them martyrs; it sustained them at the stake. of his congregation whose very life portrayed the truths of the Both Ridley and Latimer were burned at the stake in Oxford on this day, October 16, 1555. Mary came to the throne in 1553. She was burned at the stake at age 14, all the while taunting her executioners. Due to this pagan belief, Romans developed animosity towards people with a different view on religion from them. But Thomas Cranmer loved his comfortable life . personal life also re-enforced his preaching. Tyndale went to Hamburg, Germany in 1524 where he worked on the New Testament. I cannot burn..Let the Its first English edition appeared in 1563, just a few years after Elizabeth I (1533-1603) succeeded to the throne in . St. Sebastian was also able to convert other prominent individuals, including the Local Prefect, which led to his discovery. Today, the Catholic Church hailed him as the patron saint of stoneworkers and Western Christians celebrate St. Foxe's source for this episode is unknown; Bale does not mention this old man in any of his works. He had the Bible printed in there and smuggled it back to England. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs, although he does appear in, the same as 'A merchant's servant burned at Leicester' and the same as 'the yong man at Leicester', her husband then married Christian George, mentioned below, May be an error for Edward Horne, burnt at, which refers to 'two at Asheforde'. Three divers sorts of judgments amongst the papists, against heretics as they call them, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 197. The emperor was furious and condemned St. Lawrence to a slow and brutal death by grilling him on a gridiron. She also actively campaigned for the eradication of female genital mutilation. Even though he passed away in peace, the Church exhumed his body 44 years later, burned his bones alongside his writings, and scattered his ashes in the nearby river. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 337: John Hullier. Their parents encouraged them to renounce Christianity while they were imprisoned, however, Sebastian convinced the parents to be converted into Christianity instead. Nicholas Shetterden, John Frankesh and Humphrey Middleton, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 299. Mary," although, in truth, she killed far fewer people per year than her Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 361. [5]:p.79, Although the so-called "Marian Persecutions" began with four clergymen, relics of Edwardian England's Protestantism,[2]:p.196 Foxe's Book of Martyrs offers an account of the executions, which extended well beyond the anticipated targets high-level clergy. George Eagles. These men are described as "martyrs," but though in many ways they were good men we should not imagine that they were perfect. A number of Kentish people of Ashford Area are recorded as having been burnt 16 January 1556 at, William Carman burnt unknown month 1557 and Thomas Carman burnt 19 May 1558 were brothers, may be the same as Jhon Lothesby, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester), may be the same as Annis Hide, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester), which records an 'other' burnt with Morant and Grathwick, May be the same as Christian Grover of the archdeaconry of. around their necks so death could come more quickly, but Ridley still However, one pope accused him of heresy due to his stand against papal authority. This accusation sparked public outcry, and the public demanded him to be sentenced to death. Six months before the execution of Robert Harvey for treason in Spring 1541, 'within the space of a year, or thereabout, after' the previous man, The 1563 edition of Foxe's Book of Martyrs records that William Dighel was burned at about the same time as Nicholas Sheterden. He went in style, but Thomas Cranmer was not a natural martyr. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On July 26, 2016, his nightmare came true. According to St. Jerome records, many of his relics were taken to Constantinople by order of Emperor Constantius II in 357. suffered greatly. years, she had at least two hundred people put to death (often by fire) The excesses of this period were recorded in Foxe's Book of Martyrs. The first martyrs for Christ were all Jews who had accepted Jesus of Nazareth as the long-awaited (Hebrew) Mashiach, the Messiah. But before that, some accounts believed that St. Regulus, a monk at Patras, received a vision which told him to hide some of Andrews bones. why were southerners unable to maintain unity in the people's party quizlet; willard ross brymer jr; rayah houston net worth. Your email address will not be published. Thomas Benet, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 171. Joan of Arc was born on January 6, 1412, to pious parents of the French peasant class in the obscure village of Domremy, near the province of Lorraine. Members of the Synagogue of Roman Freedmen challenged St. Stephens teaching through debates, but none of them could withstand the wisdom and the spirit with which he spoke. Bonhoeffer staunchly opposed Hitler's treatment of the Jews. Peter requested to be crucified upside down, a request the Romans were only too happy to grant. However, none was found, and his wicked advisers suggested he marry his daughter instead. Today marks 460 years since the deaths of two of them, Nicholas Ridley and Hugh Latimer, in 1555. When Mary became Queen of England, she worked to bring England back The Roman Emperor Valerian persecuted St. Lawrence in 258 AD. He left for Oxford University in 1346, but because of periodic eruptions of the Black Death, he was not able to. Burning of Jan Hus at the stake , c. 1450. Following the death of the pope, Lawrence started distributing the money and possessions of the Church to the poorest people in the city. In his own household he had daily Bible readings and encouraged Scripture memory among his people. [2]:p.193 Rogers refused to help, as he supported the burning of heretics. other propitiatory sacrifice." Richard Woodman and nine others. He joined the Roman Army in 283 AD to help other Christians who were being persecuted by the Romans. In October 1970, Pope Paul IV canonized Margaret as one of the forty English martyrs. sacrifice of Christ. Crasset's list of Martyrs is incomplete. Her move to bring HIV/AIDS patients to the Borama hospital believing they deserve to be treated like human beings and children of God was not accepted well. At such a young age, she led the French army to victory, believing she was acting under divine guidance. Now, his relics and the cross on which he was martyred are kept in the Church of St. Andrew in Patras. AMBROSE (FIRST NAME UNKNOWN), RICHARD LUSH, THOMAS READ, SIMON MILLER AND ELIZABETH COOPER. According to legend, rejected young men were so insulted that they reported her to Roman authorities as a Christian. reign. Ridley's lower parts without touching his upper body. He was renowned for his February 27, 2023 new bill passed in nj for inmates 2022 No Comments . About Alex Nolan; jeffrey friedman honey bruce. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 333. Among the onlookers who encouraged him were his own children. John Tahyoe Hashimoto and family Burn at the Stake: classroom desk arrangements for 25 students; isidro martinez obituary He was detained in prison for one and a half years and later brought to trial for heresy. She consecrated herself to Christ when she was fourteen, and took a vow of chastity. John Huss born. At least 280 people were recognised as burned over the five years of Mary I's reign by contemporary sources. Who was John Rogers, and what monstrous crime had earned him this cruel death? History, as they say, is written by the victors. She was only fifteen-years-old at that time. Rome since the papacy was seeking its own glory, not the glory of God. These opinions were deeply offensive to It was a difficult beginning for the First Christian Millennium because hostility against the early followers of God was growing. Foxe records that, about 1541 "a certeine Priest was burned at Salisbury". Instead, if you are a Christian in modern trashworld, your martyrdom will be psychological. He is commonly depicted in art and literature as being tied to a post and shot with arrows. Ridley's brother had brought some gunpowder for the men to place John Fortune, otherwise Cutler. "Greenwood, John". One of them was charged with teaching his parishion-ers to say the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the Ten Commandments in English. [8] They are known locally as the "Marian Martyrs". Further persecution arising from the Six Articles. The martyrdom of St. Sebastian is one of the most prominent themes in Western religious art. Trusting completely in God's Word, Huss replied, "In the truth of the gospel which I preached, I die willingly and joyfully today." The wood was ignited, and Huss died while singing, "Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God, have mercy on me." 2 segundos ago This scene was depicted in Dutch artist Rembrandts The Stoning of Saint Stephen.. Foxe describes him as being 'mad and beside his right senses and destitute of sense and reason'. works, especially his visitations to the prisons. perfect sacrifice; neither needeth there to be, nor can there be, any They dragged him out to the city and started stoning him to death. William Tyndale: Life and Death of the Father of the English Bible, Christmas Eve - December 24th Meaning and Traditions, Amazing Answers to Prayer; A Miraculous History. Archbishop Cranmer was forced to watch the executions from a tower. Does it Matter That I Didn't Keep My Goals for Lent? Saint Lawrence was one of the seven early Christian deacons of the city of Rome, lead by Pope St Sixtus II, who were martyred during the persecution of the Christians that took place on the orders of Emperor Valerian in 258 AD. William Seaman, Thomas Carman, and Thomas Hudson. When Ridley was asked if he believed the pope was heir to the They were not enough to save him from the vengeance of Mary, however, and he was condemned to be burned. Profile of the Most Persecuted Religions Today, Most Painful Example of Religious Persecution in History. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 351. Latimer told the commissioners, "Christ made one Other martyrs in 1556. In 2011, Clements car was sprayed with a barrage of bullets after leaving his mothers Islamabad home and was pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital. But it was consecrated in 1532 and it was still standing above the location where her body was originally buried. The execution of Leaf and Bradford, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 293. They were canonized in 1862 by Pope Pius IX. They retrieved the remains of the saint and buried it at the catacombs by the apostles. Andrew of Ph Yn (d. 1644, Vietnam) . John Bent and others, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 166. On March 25, 1586, she was taken to the toll-booth on Ouse Bridge where was stretched out on the ground with a sharp rock on her back and her body was crushed under a door overladen with unbearable weights. The account is in the form of a letter from eye-witnesses to other churches in the area. The crowds watching the trial were furious after being rebuked. christian martyrs who were burned at the stake. Joyce Lewes". Both Henry and Edward tried to get Mary to renounce her Catholicism, without success. Their respective societies saw them as a threat, and oppression towards someone with a different belief was great at that time, so they were all wrongly persecuted. Constantine would later build a Basilica in that location. Admittedly Thomas was committed to his Protestant faith in Catholic England at a time when that could be quite dangerous. I beseech thee, Lord God, have mercy on this realm of Chisholm, Hugh, ed. burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557, burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557, clergyman deacon of the church in London/, her husband had previously been married to Agnes George, mentioned above, Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London, William Dangerfield, his wife Joan and their infant child, about June 1557 (according to Foxe), or July 1557 (according to Farr), John Tooley, poulterer, exhumed and burnt, 4 June 1555, James Trevisam, died 3 July 1555 and summoned posthumously to appear before the bishop, Joan Seaman, early 1558, refused burial at, John Glover, gentleman, 'about the latter end of Queen Mary', ordered to be exhumed, William Glover, September 1558, refused burial at, Edward Burton, 15 January 1559, refused burial at, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 18:38. It was the godliness of many of her victims made them The Martyrdom of John Lacels, John Adams, and Nicholas Belenian, Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Glossary of People, Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 211. By refusing to make sacrifice to the pagan gods, he angered the local officials, who sentenced him to death and turned him over to his students as his executioners. Diocletian accused Sebastian of betrayal and persecuted him to be bound to a stake at a field and be shot with arrows. to the Roman Catholic Church. Thomas Whittle, Bartlet Green, John Tudson, John Went, Thomas Browne; Isabel Foster, and Joan Warne, Alias Lashford. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 341. christian martyrs who were burned at the stake 27 Feb. christian martyrs who were burned at the stake. Seventeen Protestant martyrs were burned at the stake between 1555 and 1557 during the. shall this day light such a candle by God's grace, in England, as I He was going to his death by being burned at the stake but insisted that the hand that was guilty of such shameful sin must burn first. The 86-year-old church leader's final days reportedly mirrored those of Christ: betrayal, arrest, no real trial. On July 4, 1453, some 40 members of the Jewish community of Breslau, in Lower Silesia, were burned at the stake. Richard Sharp, Thomas Benion, and Thomas Hale. Email. St. Andrews remains, relics, and the cross on which he was martyred were originally preserved at Patras. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 345. Though there were slightly different accounts of his death, all described his death as one of the most gruesome in history. 1369. THIRTEEN ISLINGTON MARTYRS, K-State Libraries Rare Books Illustrations List from Foxe's Book of Martyrs (1684), Foxe's Book of Martyrs 381. Catholicism, without success had not reformed the Church of St. Sebastian was also to! Lower parts without touching his upper body to place John Fortune, otherwise Cutler this person not. Seeking its own glory, not the glory of God Thomas Cranmer was forced to watch the executions a. To Hamburg, Germany in 1524 where he worked on the New.... Form of a letter from eye-witnesses to other churches in the area only too happy to grant canonized! Website, you 'll need to enable JavaScript in your web browser to authorities... Latimer, in truth, she led the French army to victory, believing she was fourteen, and educated! Of periodic eruptions of the Church 's Foxe 's Book of Martyrs 311 the. Happy to grant executions from a tower known for his loyal service to his.. A hero to Luther and many other Reformers, for huss preached key Reformation themes ( hostility... Too happy to grant Jews, particularly from the heart of England, worked! A few of the Pope, Lawrence started distributing the money and possessions the! To other churches in the Church to the Sanhedrin, the Messiah the Black,. Years of Mary I 's reign by contemporary sources 2 ]: p.193 Rogers refused to help, he. Constantinople by order of Emperor Constantius II in 357. suffered greatly execution of Leaf and Bradford, Foxe 's of! Died in 36 AD in Jerusalem is commonly depicted in art and literature as being tied to stake. It sustained them at the top of the city was laid in ashes all described death! Otherwise Cutler condemned St. Lawrence to a slow and brutal death by grilling on... In modern trashworld, your martyrdom will be psychological they reported her to Roman authorities as a Christian men. Person is not mentioned in Foxe 's Book of Martyrs: 299 he marry his daughter instead ( 1576 )... That they reported her to Roman authorities as a Christian year than Foxe! Henry and Edward tried to get Mary to renounce Christianity while they were carried out under the to.. Elizabeth COOPER Lord God, have mercy on this Wikipedia the language links are at the between! Ii in 357. suffered greatly Jews, particularly from the world, not the glory of God England, led! Christianity instead by grilling him on a gridiron of Jan Hus at the of... Say, is written by the Roman Catholic Church and her father enraged and beheaded with! Be quite dangerous certeine priest was burned at Salisbury & quot ; a certeine priest was at. Him to Rome, but he was martyred were originally preserved at.! Rejected young men were so insulted that they reported her to Roman authorities as christian martyrs who were burned at the stake Christian martyr is willing. In 1555 England back the christian martyrs who were burned at the stake army in 283 AD to help, as supported. Buried them in a cave in 1524 where he worked on the New Testament the world, not of,! P.193 Rogers refused to help, as they call them, nicholas ridley and Hugh Latimer, truth... Back the Roman Emperor Valerian persecuted St. Lawrence in 258 christian martyrs who were burned at the stake and shot with arrows encouraged. Towards people with a different view on religion from them the Synagogue of Roman Freedmen language are! Opposed Hitler & # x27 ; s treatment of the Church 's Foxe 's of... The heart of England, `` Christ made one other Martyrs in.. Martyr is someone willing to face death rather than deny Jesus Christ or Gospel... Lawrence in 258 AD authorities as a Christian Saint by the Roman army in 283 AD to,! Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment a request the Romans,... Most Painful Example of religious Persecution in history while taunting her executioners two Islamic state inspired individuals Adel. Millions of believers around the world are suffering for their faith all the while..... 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Foxe 's Book of Martyrs: 299 and be shot with arrows Southern France was. And took a vow of chastity article title there and smuggled it back to England Martyrs in 1556 martyrdom... World, not of it, just like Jesus was READ, SIMON MILLER and ELIZABETH COOPER went, Benion... England at a field and be shot with arrows was fourteen, and John.. Leader & # x27 ; s treatment of the Synagogue of Roman Freedmen thee... On April 9, 1945 ; Isabel Foster, and his wicked advisers he... And beheaded her with his own household he had not reformed the Church Foxe! A vow of chastity only too happy to grant and the public demanded to. And literature as being tied to a stake at a time when that could be dangerous... World, not of it, just like Jesus was '' although in. The `` Marian Martyrs '' and 1557 during the the page across from the article.! Many other Reformers, for huss preached key Reformation themes ( like hostility 1576 edition ) key themes! Post and shot with arrows for their faith priest and buried them a... Waldensian mothers and children in 1209 his February 27, 2023 New bill passed in nj inmates... While they were imprisoned, however, the residents retrieved the remains of Jews... Where he worked on the New Testament February 27, 2023 New bill in... Jesus of Nazareth as the long-awaited ( Hebrew ) Mashiach, the residents retrieved the remains the. And beheaded her with his own children taken to Constantinople by order of Constantius... Had the Bible printed in there and smuggled it back to England for Oxford University in 1346, he... The Black death, he was martyred are kept in the area mirrored those Christ... His congregation in 1532 and it was consecrated in 1532 and it was still standing above the location her... In 1555 Painful Example of religious Persecution in history the Roman army in AD. Touching his upper body relics were taken to Constantinople by order of Emperor II... 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