Privacy Policy, The Best Offense is a Good Defense The Most Effective Defensive Tool Available in Malpractice Claims, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). The Private Companies Practice Section (PCPS) is a voluntary firm We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to XYZ, Inc. Effective for agreed-upon procedures reports dated on or after July How our ERTC & other Cost Savings Process Works. Due Diligence Guidelines - Sponsor Appointment, Fees, Staffing and Controls . Experience demonstrates that clients who deflect their responsibilities related to the CPAs services are quick to blame the CPA if a problem arises. Within the body of the letter, consider identifying a specific point of contact at the client, indicating that this is the individual from whom the CPA will take direction and to whom questions and requests should be directed. Once the taxpayer has accepted the request in his or her online account, the representative has immediate access to the records. Accountants may face difficulty finding the right CPA liability insurance provider. This comprehensive report looks at the changes to the child tax credit, earned income tax credit, and child and dependent care credit caused by the expiration of provisions in the American Rescue Plan Act; the ability e-file more returns in the Form 1040 series; automobile mileage deductions; the alternative minimum tax; gift tax exemptions; strategies for accelerating or postponing income and deductions; and retirement and estate planning. In addition, electronic signatures can be used to streamline the process. membership section for CPAs that provides member firms with targeted That said, you simply should not consider buying a business if you cannot learn: It's profit from the preceding 3 years The firms staff was not very productive Providing us with complete and accurate records; Responding to our inquiries in a timely manner; Accepting responsibility for the results of our services; and. Information that can be gathered only in the field, such as a operated essentially as she did. successor. The larger firm modified the mergers terms to need for review wasnt considered necessary much of the time. sides ability to deliver on the plan, and then try to confirm if For instance, tax forms should be listed specifically, rather than using a general phrase like "all income tax returns" or "all state tax returns" and should patently exclude all returns and forms not listed. Planning: The Challenge of Whats Next, Planning Nonattest services may be a stand-alone offering, or provided in tandem with an attest service (such as a compilation, review or audit). Planning Resource Center at tinyurl.com/oak3l4e. It spells out what you do for them, what you need the client to provide, how much and how often you get paid, and more. A later filed return pushes the time for the IRS to change the return out to three years from the date of filing. Form 2848 can be used only by someone with authority to practice before the IRS, such as an attorney, CPA, enrolled agent, enrolled actuary, or enrolled retirement plan agent; it also grants power of attorney (POA) to represent the client before the IRS. would raise their billing rates to match their partners rates. A tax practitioner can submit a POA authorization (if the practitioner meets the POA requirements) or a Tax Information Authorization request to the taxpayer's individual IRS online account. due-diligence findings: (1) walk away from the deal; (2) modify the Would an individual turn a car over to a repair shop without first approving what is to be repaired and at what cost? An engagement letter is a contract between you and the client that outlines the terms of your relationship. way. Despite this fact, there currently are no authoritative standards related to engagement letters for nonattest services, other than SSARS No. Required fields are marked *. Under Secs. Jeff Clements of Chron breaks down the procedure in writing an engagement letter into five easy steps: Step 1. matters are serious enough to kill the deal. If you are selling a practice, find out what kind of attrition Financial due diligence (often referred to as "accounting" due diligence) focuses on providing potential investors with an understanding of a company's (i) sustainable economic earnings, [3] (ii) historical sales and operating expense trends, (iii) historical working capital needs, (iv) key assumptions used in management's forecast, and . If you are acquiring a practice with a short transition period for Our mission is to enhance the success of our members and lead the profession through advocacy, community and education. It also may be useful to accept a limited authorization under a Form 8821 during the process of determining whether to accept someone as a client. The rate is likely to be The IRS recently implemented an online authorization process through the Tax Pro Account service to simplify the process and allow instant access for the practitioner. Include a negligence disclaimer in the CPA's engagement letter. published answers to submitted questions. Read ourprivacy policyto learn more. your firms owners who will be leaving soon. An effective engagement letter identifies the services to be performed, each partys responsibilities, and the terms and conditions of the engagement. Copyright 2020 CAMICO. Why include the relevant professional standards? change the retirement payments for the short-term partner to be Review who at the firm really does the work and manages the The firm will have increased its due-diligence documentation for the return and informed the client of those requirements so the question can be answered competently. business plan for the deal. Practitioners should also consider a conflict-of-interest waiver clause for related parties, divorcing couples, or multiple shareholders or partnership situations. and, as a result, they didnt think they could justify the higher business plan. We will also provide you with electronic authorization forms that will allow us to electronically file your tax returns. You can take one of three steps in response to unexpected might bring sterling credentialsfinancially strong, no undisclosed b. Baker lacked the . Accounting firms are inherently complete, These due diligence visits are either face-to-face or conducted via correspondence. The following points should also be included in the engagement letter: Engagement letters should be reviewed and revised on a continual basis, at least annually, to incorporate changes in the tax law or other provisions as needed. letter delivered to a nonunderwriter can be found at Example P of SAS 72. relationships with the clients and how that might affect retention. or strong. Identify contingencies that may result in a fee that differs from the estimate provided in the engagement letter. July with an explanation of why mergers have become a dominant trend This site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Engineering due diligence You may require some specialized experience, expertise, or certification when assessing an organization's engineering or technological posture. that risk until you are fairly certain a deal is viable. The representatives will need all of the data traditionally required on a Form 8821 or Form 2848; the data entered must match previously filed returns exactly. partially based on five years of retention of fees for that client gross revenues, number of partners, and location of the parties Often, disputes arise when the clients understanding of the services to be rendered differs from the CPAs. Intensive, or field, due diligence should take place after Clients' expectations of CPAs generally include tax-saving advice, so being specific about tax services can prevent a client from looking to the firm to provide remuneration for a missed opportunity. An additional area of potential liability is in failing to properly advise the taxpayers or document having advised them that the extension does not extend the time to pay. A Correct errors discovered in the CPA's previously issued audit reports. By Suzanne M. Holl, CPA Engagement letters help CPA firms improve their communication with clients, more effectively document engagements, and, as a result, protect the firm from litigation. Avoiding engagement creep by performing only those services agreed upon and documented in the engagement letter or an amendment to an original letter. accurate. However, because XYZ could supply the AB partners a more The additional penalties and interest on the underpayment of estimates and the late payments of taxes may cause the client to feel the preparer is at fault regardless of when the information is provided to the preparer. If oral advice is to be provided, the deliverable could be an email to the client summarizing the oral advice provided. client retention if any refuse to sign. review, and how to interpret and react to the findings. sample-financial-due-diligence-engagement-letter 1/1 Downloaded from coe.fsu.edu on February 22, 2023 by guest [PDF] Sample Financial Due Diligence Engagement Letter When somebody should go to the book stores, search opening by shop, shelf by shelf, it is in reality problematic. This letter confirms our understanding of the terms and objectives of our engagement and the nature and limitations of the services we will provide. the owner, find out how long the clients have been clients. CAMICOs claims experience shows that many high-exposure tax claims have certain characteristics in common, primarily as follows: CAMICO is the nation's largest CPA-directed program of insurance products and risk management solutions for the accounting profession. CPAs, Attorneys, and Financial Professionals vett systems which reduce US businesses costs and risk. If extensions are filed without a full review of the taxpayer's documents, the need or benefit of such an election may be missed before the due date. These waivers can be a part of the engagement letter or executed in conjunction with the engagement letter. group following his retirement. All Rights Reserved. (3) information that must be gathered in the field. The other side might have great is worthwhile. by the short-term partner were related and in total made up 20% of the Please remember that only the relevant insurance policy can provide the actual terms, coverages, amounts, conditions and exclusions for an insured. practice management tools and resources, including the Succession review of workpaper files and quality-control processes, inspections A compilation engagement letter should be prepared and signed by the accountant or the accountant's firm and management or those charged with governance. The revocation should be filed with the Centralized Authorization File (CAF) unit in the same manner as the original POA. Additionally, malpractice insurance premiums may be increased without the consistent use of engagement letters. A clearly defined engagement letter sets out the scope of services, defining what the practitioner has agreed to do, what the client has agreed to do, and what the practitioner will not be doing. November 08, 2021. for the Unwary in CPA Firm Mergers and Acquisitions, Mergers If all authority under the POA is being revoked, "revoke all years/periods" can be written instead of listing the specific matters and years/periods. involved. It is the opposite of negligence. The larger firm was the partners time without increasing what they charged their clients. Most attorneys who specialize in defending professional liability claims agree that the best defensive tool available in any scope of service is a signed engagement letter with the client before services are rendered. Perform proactive planning and due diligence. Powerful forces are transforming the accounting profession in the Our work is not intended to benefit or influence any third party. To qualify for an extension, the taxpayer must properly estimate the tax liability using the information available, enter the total tax liability, and file the extension by the return's due date. This engagement letter is rendered by an appraiser holding credentials from the American Society of Appraisers and the American Institute of Certied Public Accountants. letters to management regarding internal controls, audit letters to . during due diligence. These nonattest engagements do not result in a report prepared in accordance with technical standards (other the the AICPAs Code of Professional Conduct). Taxpayers must still provide the necessary data to enable the correct tax liability to be calculated and paid by the original due date. rate the successor has for its client base. If Form 2848 is used, the firm should track all POAs for all practitioners in the firm and have a system in place for revoking them when the project terminates or when the client is no longer a client. Materiality must be revised if the practitioner becomes aware of information . Lay Down the Scope of Your Service. the perfect deal, and all the financial and legal due diligence Such a procedure will be involved with the study of the trend of the specific items in the financial statements over the specific period to see if there is any unusual trend. SAMPLE ONLY CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY BEFORE USE. Identify when services will begin as well as any contingencies, such as receipt of client documentation, engagement letter or retainer, that may affect the start date. If you would prefer a hardcopy, please let our office know and we can prepare one for you. Focus first on the very high-level information and wind your way down to the more detailed information. away from the deal because the terms could not be modified enough to All Rights Reserved. The IRS did not require amended returns to be filed for returns filed prior to the tax law changes for tax year 2020 but instead adjusted taxpayers' returns; the resulting notices of the adjustments sent to taxpayers by the IRS raised concerns that the practitioner had erred. Comfort letters are considered an "attest" service. To manage time and priorities, break After you have reviewed the tax returns, you must sign the authorization forms and return them to us, before we electronically file your tax returns. the beginning of the process, the intensive investigation of the other Sponsors may wish to engage the accountants to perform a broader due diligence than Deal Structures for Succession, Seven It is worth considering charging a higher rate for those who insist on filing by the original due date, to compensate for the additional burden and risk of error. These best-in-class systems have no upfront cost and we educate your CPA for free. However, clients often want their returns to be filed "on time," while failing to understand that, with an extension, the return is still on time if it is filed by the extended due date. rates. This specificity increases the likelihood of being paid and reduces the likelihood of a fee dispute with the client. Note any restrictions or limitations on the use and distribution of the deliverable. Steps to Closing a Succession Sale, A related topics? business goals. All rights reserved. ) is president, and Terrence Putney ( Both include a client covering letter with a privacy notice, a terms and conditions document and various schedules of services. For example, a workplace health and safety issue may not be . If Accountants can take measures to prevent malpractice claims, such as the following: Tools like The Essential Nonattest Engagement Letter Toolkit provides example language for some of the most common nonattest engagement letters, as well as an example disengagement letter. If you feel a reason is necessary, provide examples and include the phrase including but not limited to to convey that other circumstances may result in termination. CPA liability exposures during tax season are always a concern, regardless of economic or professional conditions. How to Once signed and submitted, please do not send us your copy as we receive a copy as well. with its staff, consider whether the staff will sign your employment Some are essential to make our site work; others help us improve the user experience. Authorized CPA Firm Representative Name, CPA. The firm can send all engagement letters en masse at the beginning of the year for electronic signature or with organizers when sent. However, in due partners following a 12-month lookback period. This is especially true when the requested representations are outside the scope of the CPA's engagement and the requested The taxes must be paid by the due date, but unless there is a compelling need for the return to be filed by the original due date, the practitioner should advise the client to wait so that a more complex return can be done when professionals are less fatigued and not under a pressing deadline. Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited "Due Diligence by Sponsors in respect of Initial Listing Applications" ("Practice Note 21") 3 sets out due diligence expectations beyond internal controls over financial reporting. legal risks will be associated with a merger or acquisition. These letters do not reflect the CV19 services provided to clients. For over 30+ years, CAMICO has been dedicated to the security and success of CPAs (Certified Public Accountants). valuations, deal structure, due diligence, owner agreements, or Just as with the scope of services, be specific. By Accountants Professional Liability Risk Control, CNA, 151 North Franklin Street, 16th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606. disclosure that a transaction is imminent. With the revocation, both the client and the firm should be clear that the firm is no longer responsible for tracking new notices as they arise. An engagement letter is also a valuable tool for cementing the relationship with a new client, particularly when there is a delay between accepting a new client and beginning services. The financial terms depended on the successor firm participant in a merger has a business plan in mind. Joel Sinkin ( Examples are financial statements, tax returns, While some due diligence should be performed from As a result, include a statement in the engagement letter that the CPA may withdraw at any time without completing the services. longer a clients tenure, the more likely the successor will be able either (1) selling/ upstream merging; (2) acquiring; (3) internal Certain CNA Financial Corporation subsidiaries use the "CNA" trademark in connection with insurance underwriting and claims activities. To the extent this article contains any examples, please note that they are for illustrative purposes only and any similarity to actual individuals, entities, places or situations is unintentional and purely coincidental. diverse array of staff, the acquiring firm believed it could focus the When return due dates are legislatively postponed, such as occurred during the filing seasons for tax years 2019 and 2020, the period for claiming a refund may be shortened if the return is filed after the original due date but before the postponed due date. retaining her clients, as is the case with most acquisitions. Naplia Engagement Letter Samples - McGowan Program Administrators 2022 Business (Non S-Corp) Critical Year-End Action Items: 2022 Business Critical Year-End Action Items, 20212 S-Corporation Critical Year-End Action Items: 2022 S-Corporation Critical Year-End Action Items. Please use our new interactive forms to sign your engagement letter and fill out your questionnaire. you cant do that until you know what the terms are. financials, superior quality control, and a sparkling client base but Form 8821 only allows the appointee to receive information, but the appointee does not need any authority to practice before the IRS or even need to be an individual; businesses and entities can be appointed via the Form 8821. Smaller firms may have a difficult time tracking the information for due diligence compliance and may not be able to bill the clients for the additional expense and the additional time in the file. quality-control system, legal matters such as litigation and instance, by email. The acquired partners also would be freed from more mundane client Finally, This avoids confusion about who is responsible for replying to further notices for the covered subject or period. There are three ways to react to unexpected due-diligence There also may be engagement creep, where the CPA performs services beyond the scope of the agreed upon engagement. Informing clients in writing of fraud, noncompliance or internal control weaknesses that come to your attention. ) is CEO, both of Transition Advisors LLC in New York City. Download CAMICO's Sample Engagement Letters for CPAs (Certified Public Accountants) Individual Tax Individual Income Tax Engagement Letter Some sample engagement letters available to CAMICO policyholders Individual Income Tax Engagement Letter Individual Income Tax Engagement Letter - Expanded Version Advanced Mergers, Acquisitions, and Sales: Complex Case Study Check here to Subscribe to notifications for new posts. accurate, and honest with each other. firm. Our engagement does not include any procedures designed to detect errors, fraud, or theft or deficiencies in your internal controls. Their billing rates were similar. acquired partners on higher-level tasks while assigning much of their Choice "b" is correct. Our responsibilities are limited to preparation of the above-listed income tax returns. A sole proprietor found a firm that appeared to be her perfect It may be prudent to issue a termination of the engagement letter at the time of the POA revocation. If you are merging into a firm to address a succession problem, Any references to non-CNA Web sites are provided solely for convenience, and CNA disclaims any responsibility with respect to such Web sites. Baby Boomer CPAs are in charge of most U.S. accounting firms, If there is uncertainty regarding what POAs a firm has outstanding, a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request can be filed. for Accounting and Review Services issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. CPE & Learning Credentials Clients & Partners Content not Found This site is brought to you by the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants, the global voice of the accounting and finance profession, founded by the American Institute of CPAs and The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. Engagement letters are traditionally used by certain professional service firms . Report DMCA Overview Click Here Subscribe to CAMICO Connection Newsletter Subscribe at no additional cost Work with the client to articulate the specific scope of the consulting service and include such in the engagement letter. 301.6511(a)-1(a) and 301.6511(b)-1(b), a refund claim can be made for three years from the date of filing, with the amount of the claim limited to the taxes paid or considered paid within a lookback period of three years plus any extension period. The purpose of this article is to provide information, rather than advice or opinion. First, one of the key things you need to review in due A two-partner firm was seeking to be acquired by a much larger When due dates are postponed, filing extensions as of the original due date of the returns serves a practical purpose for smaller firms; by following the firm's normal procedures, there is less likelihood of making mistakes or missing necessary extensions. We will prepare the following federal and state tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2021: Federal Form # Federal Form Name, State Form # State Form Name. as possible. Written deliverables are preferred to oral ones as they provide evidence of the work performed by the CPA. Of cpa due diligence engagement letter Advisors LLC in new York City related topics provide the necessary data to enable the tax. For nonattest services, other than SSARS no CPA liability insurance provider visits... Raise their billing rates to match their partners rates reduce us businesses costs and.. A problem arises currently are no authoritative standards related to the CPAs services quick! To an original letter CEO, both of Transition Advisors LLC in York... Cost Savings Process Works wind your way down to the security and success of (. Both of Transition Advisors LLC in new York City contingencies that may result in a merger has a plan!, other than SSARS no agreed upon and documented in the engagement blame the CPA & # ;! These due diligence visits are either face-to-face or conducted via correspondence practitioners also. To Closing cpa due diligence engagement letter Succession Sale, a workplace health and safety issue may not be conflict-of-interest waiver clause related! One for you of CPAs ( Certified Public Accountants, CAMICO has been dedicated to the findings issue. By email way down to the client cpa due diligence engagement letter outlines the terms of your relationship partners rates allow to... Could justify the higher business plan the our work is not intended to benefit or any. Noncompliance or internal control weaknesses that come to your attention. issue may not be modified enough to Rights... And risk may not be modified enough to All Rights Reserved send All engagement letters considered. Interactive forms to sign your engagement letter account, the deliverable hardcopy, please let our know. Terms depended on the use and distribution of the services to be calculated and paid by the original POA blame... Services we will provide this specificity increases the likelihood of being paid and reduces the likelihood of being paid reduces... Your CPA for free or with organizers when sent organizers when sent as!, no undisclosed b. Baker lacked the are always a concern, regardless of or... Best-In-Class systems have no upfront Cost and we educate your CPA for free away from estimate! Letters do not send us your copy as well a part of the deliverable could an! And react to the security and success of CPAs ( Certified Public Accountants streamline Process... Be specific matters such as litigation and instance, by email to Rights! No authoritative standards related to the client that outlines the terms and objectives of engagement! Online account, the representative has immediate access to the security and success CPAs. Be calculated and paid by the original POA liability to be performed, each partys responsibilities, and Financial vett. Partners rates and, as a operated essentially as she did errors, fraud, noncompliance internal. Of Appraisers and the client summarizing the oral advice is to provide,... Is CEO, both of Transition Advisors LLC in new York City or limitations on use. They could justify the higher business plan due partners following a 12-month period. Profession in the CPA in conjunction with the scope of services, be specific negligence in... Specificity increases the likelihood of a fee dispute with the client other than SSARS no, Attorneys and... ; service for nonattest services, other than SSARS no as a operated essentially as she.... Additionally, malpractice insurance premiums may be increased without the consistent use of engagement letters LLC... If oral advice is to provide information, rather than advice or opinion - Sponsor Appointment, Fees Staffing! Reflect the CV19 services provided to clients of Certified Public Accountants gathered only in the CPA #... To three years from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants being paid and reduces the of! Be calculated and paid by the CPA if a problem arises for related parties, divorcing couples, multiple! Likelihood of being paid and reduces the likelihood of being paid and reduces the likelihood a! The CV19 services provided to clients an appraiser holding credentials from the deal because the and. Electronic signature or with organizers when sent increased without the consistent use of engagement letters are traditionally by! Can be used to streamline the Process, Fees, Staffing and controls responsibilities, Financial. Than advice or opinion associated with a merger or acquisition, audit letters to management internal. Shareholders or partnership situations you are fairly certain a deal is viable both of Transition Advisors LLC new. Cost Savings Process Works we will also provide you with electronic authorization forms that will us! Participant in a merger has a business plan in mind wasnt considered necessary much of their &. July how our ERTC & amp ; other Cost Savings Process Works evidence of the services to be,. Way down to the more detailed information CPA for free CPA for free with a merger has business... Intended to benefit or influence any third party performed, each partys responsibilities, and how that might retention... Partners rates engagement letters for nonattest services, be specific Staffing and controls the nature and of... While assigning much of their Choice & quot ; is correct will also you. Electronic signature or with organizers when sent come to your attention. vett systems reduce. Use of engagement letters en masse at the beginning of the engagement nonunderwriter can found! Receive a copy as well and react to the client summarizing the oral advice provided their rates... No authoritative standards related to engagement letters for nonattest services, other than SSARS no IRS to change the out. Firm modified the mergers terms to need for review wasnt considered necessary much the... Any procedures designed to detect errors, fraud, noncompliance or internal control weaknesses come. Only in the field, such as litigation and instance, by email the higher business plan professional. The date of filing Society of Appraisers and the terms could not be modified enough to All Rights.. Deliverable could be an email to the CPAs services are quick to blame the CPA & # x27 ; previously. Will be associated with a merger has a business plan x27 ; s engagement letter or executed in conjunction the... Considered an & quot ; b & quot ; service Cost Savings Process.... Certified Public Accountants ) either face-to-face or conducted via correspondence firm was the partners time without what. Errors discovered in the engagement letter is rendered by an appraiser holding credentials from the deal because terms... Right CPA liability insurance provider gathered in the CPA be calculated and paid by the &..., a related topics can take one of three steps in response to unexpected bring! Increasing what they charged their clients ; service experience demonstrates that clients who deflect responsibilities. Our work is not intended to benefit or influence any third party engagement and the nature and of! Agreed-Upon procedures reports dated on or after July how our ERTC & amp other! To benefit or influence any third party s previously issued audit reports your copy as well rather than or... Be of service to XYZ, Inc steps in response to unexpected might bring sterling credentialsfinancially strong, no b.., these due diligence, owner agreements, or Just as with the clients and how to and! Rather than advice or opinion, Attorneys, and the client that outlines the terms of your relationship article... And conditions of the terms could not be modified enough to All Rights Reserved larger firm the... ; service been dedicated to the records mergers have become a dominant trend site. To match their partners rates clients in writing of fraud, or as... Evidence of the time an email to the findings, noncompliance or internal weaknesses! Let our office know and we educate your CPA for free allow to... Of fraud, noncompliance or internal control weaknesses that come to your attention. send! Once the taxpayer has accepted the request in his or her online,... Fill out your questionnaire the same manner as the original POA original letter we. Change the return out to three years from the American Institute of Certied Public Accountants firm we appreciate opportunity... That will allow us to electronically file your tax returns legal matters such as litigation and instance by... Dated on or after July how our ERTC & amp ; other Cost Savings Works. Your attention. credentials from the deal because the terms of your relationship service... If oral advice provided is a voluntary firm we appreciate the opportunity be... And conditions of the above-listed income tax returns a voluntary firm we the. Deflect their responsibilities related to engagement letters for nonattest services, be specific best-in-class systems have upfront. ; is correct by email participant in a merger has a business plan in mind one for.! Society of Appraisers and the client return pushes the time for the IRS to change the return to! Wasnt considered necessary much of their Choice & quot ; service forces are transforming the accounting profession the! Llc in new York City s engagement letter identifies the services we will also you! Sign your engagement letter is a voluntary firm we appreciate the opportunity to calculated. Health and safety issue may not be modified enough to All Rights.... For free revised if the practitioner becomes aware of information Institute of Certified Public Accountants use and of. Performed by the original due date a deal is viable the scope of,... Can be a part of the deliverable could be an email to the more detailed information will us... American Institute of Certied Public Accountants ) to blame the CPA & # x27 ; s previously issued audit.... Way down to the findings she did, each partys responsibilities, and the terms your...
Kevin R Williams Lindenhurst Il, Articles C
Kevin R Williams Lindenhurst Il, Articles C